This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how patterns of educational inequality vary across...

This research documents employment opportunities of labour-market entrants during the COVID-19 crisis in the Netherlands. Two recent cohorts of graduates are studied and compared to two preCOVID-19 cohorts: the 2019 cohort was unexpectedly hit by the COVID-19 crisis about six months after...

We study the effects of 61,000 public primary schools on intergenerational educational mobility in Indonesia using full-count census data, a credible identification strategy, and theory-based nonlinearity in the mobility equation. We find that the mobility curve is concave in most of the cases,...

The school building is a built environment in the physical learning environment. How it is perceived by students, teachers, leaders, parents, community and interacts with content, resources and societal progress have important implications on student outcomes. The Australian Capital Territory...

This paper looks at consumer complaints about student loan lenders and servicers from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s (CFPB’s) consumer complaint database. Using a novel dataset drawn from 30,678 complaints filed against 212 student loan companies, we analyze consumers’...

Financial aid to college students has been widely implemented by governments indeveloped and emerging economies in an attempt to reduce the entry barriers to highereducation (HE). Understanding the extent to which these policies enable access to HE is crucialin order to unravel the effectiveness...

This paper shows that austerity-induced spending cuts harmed student performancein standardized national tests. To identify this relationship, we use cross-municipalityvariation in the timing of eligibility for the Italian Domestic Stability Pact as an exogenous shifter of local public spending....

Some blame free-market capitalism for increasing income inequality, arguing that the richer classes could block access to others for maintaining their privileges. By manipulating the degree of political rights and resources available to others, the rich could reduce opportunities for others....

By comparing the impact of two different expansionary education policies in China, namely compulsory education popularization and college enrollment expansion, we test their effects on China’s intergenerational income mobility and find that the impacts of the two policies on intergenerational...