We introduce banks to the fiscal theory of price level to study the effectiveness of open market operations in correcting the distortions caused by an improper tax rate. A rise in the tax rate increases the real purchasing power of payment liquidity for short-term consumption, but reduces firms'...

This work examines the impacts which the Covid-19 pandemic brought to the stability of the European financial sector. Lockdowns, businesses unable to operate and uncertainty about how the pandemic would evolve fueled a sharp recession. From the lessons learned in the global financial crises and...

The first important economic recession in this century started in USA with the burst of real estate bubble followed by the bankruptcy of some investment and commercial banks and the collapse of capital market. The financial-banking crisis spilt over the world economy and caused the second...

This paper assesses the public guarantee scheme for small businesses approved in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemic. In April 2020 the Italian government introduced a free 100% government guarantee on loans below €25.000 that requires no credit approval by banks. Using loan-level data from the...

English Abstract: Poland's structural deficit is one of the largest in the EU. While other Member States are taking action to reduce their deficits, the Polish government has not only introduced costly projects, but has also announced additional projects that will further aggravate the state of...

This is the second in a series of sixteen papers about the U.S. extraterritorial tax system.This paper summarizes the findings of three recent surveys conducted to better understand how overseas Americans experience U.S. extraterritorial taxation.The three surveys discussed in this paper expose...

This is the third in a series of sixteen papers about the U.S extraterritorial tax system.This paper describes the efforts of many different organizations and individuals to change to the U.S. extraterritorial tax system, to lessen its burden on overseas Americans

This is the eighth in a series of sixteen papers about the U.S extraterritorial tax system.The U.S. extraterritorial tax system violates the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause in multiple ways. This eighth paper in the series examines two of those ways, demonstrating that the system is...

This is the seventh in a series of sixteen papers about the U.S extraterritorial tax system.The classification of “citizens” as it is contained in federal tax rules constitutes a suspect classification based upon country of origin (or nationality) and, as such, it is subject to strict...

This is the ninth in a series of sixteen papers about the U.S extraterritorial tax system.Over the course of the past century, both the U.S. extraterritorial tax system and U.S. citizenship have considerably expanded. The use of U.S. taxation and banking policies to target and punish the income,...