Die politische und die wirtschaftliche Integration Europas sind eng verwoben. Betrachtet man das Zusammenwirken beider Bereiche, wird deutlich, dass Europa aus einer Vielzahl historisch gewachsener Wirtschafts- und Sozialmodelle besteht. Welche wirtschaftlichen und politischen Veränderungen die...

This paper addresses two main questions: (a) Has European integration hindered the implementation of labour, financial and product market structural reforms? (b) Do the effects of these reforms vary more across sectors than across countries? Using more granular reform measures, longer time...

This paper provides an overview of the key steps that were made in the European Union toward enhancing fiscal policy coordination and integration prior to the Covid-19 crisis. It especially highlights the key challenges and strategies that should be considered when thinking of further fiscal...