In the classical Lee-Carter model, the mortality indices that are assumed to be a random walk model with drift are normally distributed. However, for the long-term mortality data, the error terms of the Lee-Carter model and the mortality indices have tails thicker than those of a normal...

For the valuation of reverse mortgages with tenure payments, this article proposes a specific analytic valuation framework with mortality risk, interest rate risk, and housing price risk that helps determine fair premiums when the present value of premiums equals the present value of contingent...

When the outstanding balance exceeds the housing value before the loan is settled, the insurer suffers an exposure to crossover risk induced by three risk factors: interest rates, house prices and mortality rates. With consideration of housing price risk, interest rate risk and longevity risk,...

To offer a means for insurance companies to deal with longevity risk, this article investigates a natural hedging strategy and attempts to find an optimal allocation of insurance products. Unlike prior research, this proposed natural hedging model can account for both the variance and mispricing...