. This increased threat of expropriation depresses investment, prolonging downturns. It is the incompleteness of financial …

An extended small open economy model is developed and used to examine the effect of trade on the illicit expropriation … expropriation activities. We also derive sufficient conditions for the gains from trade to be amplified or muted relative to the … for illicit expropriation and reducing the costs of providing legal services. The model also shows that trade …

This Chapter explores the protection against expropriation under the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and compares it to …

stable positive relations in the triad (MNC–host government–local business partner) as prescribed by network theory may be …