countries, and to the experience of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the World Bank Group. …

- the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD or World Bank) and … the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), precursor to the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Their rationale … reflected the experience of the Great Depression of the 1930s, when world output collapsed amidst a contraction of trade and …

Since the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund were launched at Bretton Woods more than 50 years ago, and the … regional development banks in subsequent decades, the world economy has changed in important respects. In considering the role … result, world real interest rates have increased markedly. Second, the poor performance of statist models of development has …

combination of different international institutions would be needed to keep the world financial system from degenerating into … periodic and destructive crises (Mikesell, 1994). Following the creation of the World Bank, a number of international financial … closely the World Bank course. The European Investment Bank (EIB) and, much later on, the European Bank for Reconstruction and …

financial institutions (IFIs). For multilateral development banks like the World Bank, their central mission, the promotion of … growth and the reduction of poverty, is clear. The steps toward fulfilling this mission in a changing world are also … our thinking both on why we have IFIs in the first place, and the role that they should play in a changing world. …

- the advent of a radically different world economy, and the explosion of the world's population. As these forces are … unleashed, the world's nation-states - weakened by their increasingly unhelpful territorial and hierarchical constructs - will …

in all of its member countries, not only in its poorer members. It does lend throughout the world, but most of its … lending is within the European Union (EU). A significant share is within some of the world's wealthiest countries. There is …

oil prices. Although all approaches provide useful insights on how the world oil market functions, they suffer from major …