) mortality later in life. In addition, we examine to what extent these long-run effects run by way of cognitive ability and … (across the full range) and CV mortality rate later in life is significantly stronger if the individual is born in a recession …

Numerous studies report that early childhood biological stress impairs health in later adulthood. Overwhelmingly these … studies are based on modern data, when health conditions are quite good by historical standards. Potentially much can be …