to strictly exogenous. This model is applied to estimate a female participation equation with endogenous fertility and … exogenous fertility movements. The results indicate that assuming the exogeneity of fertility induces a downward bias in … absolute value in the estimated negative effect of fertility on participation, although the failure to account for unobserved …

children. It seems therefore appropriate to impose a stopping rule for fertility. Given an objective (support for old age) and …

We study the causal effects of changes in parental leave provisions on fertility and return-to-work behavior. We … planned children and/or to increase fertility. We study the quantitative effect of this incentive using an empirical strategy … when the child became 18 months old brought about no change in fertility behavior, but a labor supply effect that is …

girls experienced menarche earlier, and that can be a link between nutrition and fertility. …