This work is part of a long-term research project on global electrification. Here we focus on the initial phase of electrification, from the 1880s to 1914, when multinational enterprise and international finance played a crucial role. Electrical equipment manufacturers were first movers in the...

Access to electricity is widely recognized as an essential element of economic development. This paper uses a comprehensive dataset on electrification aid projects to quantify and model the determinants of multilateral and bilateral electrification aid in the last three decades of the 20th...

We measure the overall impact of railroad investment on economic growth in the antebellum period in the United States using a bivariate dynamic time series methodological approach, based on the use of a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. We find bidirectional causality between railroad...