Competition law's vertical agreement requirement is widely regarded to be perplexing and to offer a fairly limited unilateral action defense. These views prove to be understated. The underlying distinction is incoherent on a number of levels and difficult to reconcile with pertinent statutes,...

The applicability of competition laws to collective bargaining has long been debated in the law literature of the U.S. and the European Union.The competition laws, playing a major role in national economic policy, are designed in a way to regulate the structure of markets and to promote...

The intersection of competition law and labor market has long been a controversial topic. As antitrust decisional practice shows a historical evolvement to a deeper scrutiny of anti competitive practices in the labor market, the recent developments indicate that it is no longer a debate that...

In social market economies, specific goods, such as education and health-care, are taken out of the marketplace and provided to all citizens on a strictly egalitarian basis. The provision of goods or services outwith the market context might suggest competition law has no role, since a...

A number of issues arise with regard to competition law and data protection, in particular in the online services context. For one, the relationship between competition law and privacy is yet to be fully understood and we discuss below the aspects of this conundrum: first, we look into the issue...

Since the entry into force of Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003, national competition authorities (“NCAs”), commentators and stakeholders have suggested numerous modifications to improve European competition enforcement and fairness. The European Commission's (hereinafter the...

Competition Law of the European Union' provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the EU competition rules as developed primarily by the Commission, the General Court and the Court of Justice. The new Sixth Edition of a major work by the well-known competition law team at Van Bael &...