In a recent paper published by the APSR, Carrubba, Gabel, and Hankla [CGH] claim that the decision-making of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has been constrained – systematically – by the threat of override on the part of Member State Governments, acting collectively, and the threat of...

The ongoing exercise of authority by non-majoritarian institutions (NMIs) is today central to governance in a growing number of policy domains. This special issue seeks to address the sources, consequences, and dynamics of delegation to NMIs in Western Europe. Here we define concepts, introduce...

The arbitral world is at a crucial point in its historical development, poised between two conflicting conceptions of its nature, purpose, and political legitimacy. Formally, the arbitrator is an agent of the contracting parties in dispute, a creature of a discrete contract gone wrong. Yet,...