Credit rating agencies have been a core concern in the reform of the global and European financial architecture prompted by the financial crisis. The European Regulation on Credit Rating Agencies (CRA Regulation) entered into force at the end of 2009. Activities of credit rating agencies and the...

Europe's 2020 strategy calls for “smart, sustainable and inclusive growth,” but ironically, these qualities are just the opposite of what the financial sector has stood for in the EU, and how it continues to be perceived by the public. According to CEPS Chief Executive Karel Lannoo, the huge...