-related gender inequality in earnings and (ii) assesses the impact of family policies on this inequality. We present three sets of … findings. First, child penalties (i.e., the percentage of potential earnings lost due to children) have strongly increased over … sample period, the fraction of overall inequality attributed to children rose from 14% to 64%. This trend not only resulted …

newborn children. Parental leaves have been introduced in the last 30 years in all European countries in order to extend the …

difference-in-differences approach combined with matching. Based on a large panel dataset on families with children in Germany …Despite political efforts, balancing work and family life is still challenging. This paper provides novel evidence on … children. We exploit the fact that since the mid 2000s an increasing number of employers have become proactive and implemented …

burden with respect to gainful employment and providing care. We propose a family working time model that incentivizes … fathers and – contrary to most conventional family policies – actively promotes the dual earner/dual carer paradigm. Combining … microsimulation and labor supply estimation, we empirically analyze the potential of the family working time model in the German …

particular, but we know little about the possible wage impact of leave to care for sick children, which is a part of the Swedish …

This paper estimates the effects of having children at home on the labor market outcomes of women in Mexico during the … first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that women with children at home experienced some additional … negative impacts on their labor supply immediately after school and daycare closures, compared to women without children …

This paper examines the effects of a substantial change in publicly funded paid parental leave in Germany on child … development and socio-economic development gaps. For children born before January 1, 2007, parental leave benefits were means …-tested and paid for up to 24 months after childbirth. For children born thereafter, parental leave benefits were earnings …

dependence, we evaluate the 2007 reform of parental leave benefits in Germany, which replaced a flat, means-tested benefit by a …

Having children has a sizeable impact on women's labour outcomes, but not on men's. The differential effects of … children by gender are referred to as child penalties, and are now documented in many countries. In this paper, we exploit the … 14.2%. We also document larger negative impacts of parenthood for women who had multiple children or those with a lower …

Children affect the after-birth labor force participation of women in two ways. Directly, the time spent in child … direct and indirect effect of children on women's labor force participation, and evaluates their relative importance …