The Chinese economy upheld a frail recovery in 2022 under the triple superposition of contraction of demand, disruption in supply, and weakening expectations, aggravated by unanticipated adverse shocks in the midst of global turmoil. Over the year, rising income uncertainty set off by the...

Exploring the Way to China’s Modernization -- Four Major Reforms in China since the Modern Times -- Achievements of Reform: Development, Transition, and Globalization -- Experience from China’s Reform -- Three Stages of China’s Economic Institutional Transition -- The Origin of the...