Renaissance (14th and 15th century) -- Chapter 3. Corporations, Stock Exchanges and the Amsterdam Bank of Exchange (Late 16th and …) -- Chapter 8. The Ottoman Bank: State Bank of the Empire (19th and 20th Century) -- Chapter 9. The Rise (and Fall) of National …

of financial crises, showing that money is taken out of circulation when bank loans are paid back. This key insight is at … economy that cannot generate enough demand for its own goods and services. Financial crises result when bank lending slows … down or comes to a halt – while outstanding bank loans are still due for repayment. The mechanism is discussed in detail …