Social networks can serve as an instrument to link agents with each other over space and time. The emerging pattern can display the flow of information, the diffusion of technology or the trade flow of products between all kinds of agents. Networks are very flexible constructs, which are defined...

We look at the trade-off between smallholder cocoa intensification and the ecosystem in Indonesia and investigate the determinants of environmental efficiency in cocoa production. In our analysis, we apply a distance output function that includes cocoa production and the abundance of native...

The Chinese agri-food industry is evolving into an imperfectly competitive market in our observation. The issue deserves more attention from the policymakers since any negligible departure from the perfectly competitive market in agriculture would generate enormous extra profits for firms and...