The daily returns on leveraged and inverse-leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETFs) are a multiple of the daily returns of a reference index. Because LETFs rebalance their leverage daily, their holding period returns can deviate substantially from the returns of a leveraged investment. While...

This paper incorporates risk-based margin requirements into portfolio liquidation procedures in a novel fashion. The approach is analytic and, as a result, more efficient than conventional numerical liquidation methods. The margin requirement calculation is a self-contained inner optimization...