Nursing workforce management is a challenging decision-making task in hospitals. The decisions are made across different timescales and levels from strategic long-term staffing budget to mid-term scheduling. These decisions are interconnected and impact each other, therefore are best taken by...

The nurse scheduling problem (NSP) has received a great amount of attention in recent years. In the NSP, the goal is to assign shifts to the nurses in order to satisfy the hospital’s demand during the planning horizon by considering different objective functions. In this research, we focus on...