With increasing global concerns regarding energy management, the concept of the smart grid has become a particularly important interdisciplinary research topic. In order to continually monitor a power utility system and efficiently observe all of the states of electric nodes and branches on a...

A multistate network is a system composed of multistate components. The network reliability under the cost constraint for level (d,c) can be computed in terms of (d,c)-MP (MP stands for minimal path) which is a vector such that d units of flow can be transmitted between two specified nodes with...