In order to develop more efficient and cleaner gasoline engines, a number of new engine operating strategies have been proposed and researched on different engines, including the spark ignition (SI) and controlled autoignition (CAI) or HCCI in both 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycles in a poppet valve...

The paper presents a relatively simple model describing the nitrogen dynamics in an alternating waste water treatment process. Only two components, ammonia and nitrate plus nitrite, are considered, and reaction rates are described using empirical expressions. Despite its simplicity, the model...

Hidden regularities of complex networks may be different from the properties they show to us externally. In this paper, organization of rich nodes in real world and model networks are investigated. It is found that in scale-free networks, when the rich level is relatively low, the degree...

How to control the cascading failure has become a hot topic in recent years. In this paper, we propose a new matching model of capacity by developing a profit function to defense cascading failures on artificially created scale-free networks and the real network structure of the North American...