We demonstrate improvements in predictive power when introducing spline functions to take account of highly non-linear relationships between firm failure and earnings, leverage, and liquidity in a logistic bankruptcy model. Our results show that modeling excessive non-linearities yields...

Previous research claims that industry-relative financial ratios are more stable than unadjusted ratios. Yet, most bankruptcy studies continue to use unadjusted financial ratios to develop bankruptcy-prediction models. In re-examining whether industry-relative ratios are actually more stable, we...

This paper aims to study the usefulness of applying tax arrears in failure prediction, when annual reports to calculate financial ratios are outdated. Three known classification methods from the failure prediction literature are applied to the whole population dataset from Estonia, incorporating...

Risk of financial failure is defined as the inability of a firm to pay its current liabilities. Financial failure may lead firms to bankrupt or go into liquidation. This paper aims to develop reliable model to identify the financial failure risk of the firms listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange...