Microfinance institutions (MFIs) generally aim at improving the access of the poor to financial services while at the same time being financially sustainable. But what do we know about how MFIs reach and combine these two goals? We carry out a systematic review of close to 170 papers discussing...

We demonstrate that subsidy uncertainty in microfinance can lead to mission drift and defeat poverty alleviation efforts. Our model shows that microfinance institutions, fearing that subsidies may dry up, have no alternative but to build precautionary savings by serving wealthier clients,...