with school system resources. The model is rich, yet sufficiently stylized to provide novel implications. It can show, for … example, that an improvement in parental outside options will reduce parental and school effort, which are partially … compensated through school resources. In this way, by incorporating the behavioral responses of parents, teachers and policymakers …

(tracking and heterogeneous/bimodal groups) on student learning outcomes during middle school. Both strategies yielded an …

Almost 300,000 entitled children do not participate in the UK's Free School Meals (FSM) programme, worth up to £400 per … year. Welfare take-up can be stigma and lack of information. This paper uses a school-level dataset and fixed … school cohorts. Results show that in a typical school a 10 percentage point rise in peer-group take-up would reduce non …

/16 years across 13 European countries. Both instrumental variables and school fixed effects are used for identification …. Omitting school fixed effects, as in some existing IV studies of peer effects, is shown to lead to substantial overestimates … restricting the sample by dropping schools that non-randomly sort pupils into classes. Ultimately, we cannot rule out zero peer …

Students face four decision margins: (a) How many years to spend in school, (b) What to study, (c) How much effort to … effects on learning or dropout rates but they do appear to have positive effects on the reputation of high school graduates … not internalize the externalities that are pervasive in school settings and as a result students typically devote less …

literature which indicates that peer effects cannot be estimated without taking into account the role of school decision makers …. We present indicative empirical evidence that gender peer effects in the Norwegian elementary school are conditional upon …

groups of pupils to multi-grade classes. We find that school-starters benefit from exposure to second-graders in measures of …