The recent financial crises pointed out the central role of public and private debt in modern economies. However, even if debt is a recurring topic in discussions about the current economic situation, economic modelling does not take into account debt as one of the crucial determinants of...

The paper presents an agent-based model of a credit economy which includes a securitisation process and a bailout mechanism for banks' bankruptcies. Within this model's framework banks are able to sell mortgages to a Financial Vehicle Corporation, which finances its activity by creating...

Climate change was recognized as a risk for ecosystems and the economy, and recently for the stability of the financial system. Tackling climate change requires urgent investments in the low-carbon energy transition. However, capital is not flowing at the pace and amount needed, exposing public...

Climate risks often do not happen in isolation but can compound with other sources of stress such as pandemics and pre-existing financial vulnerabilities, particularly in emerging countries. Compounding events increase the complexity of risk, leading to cascading impacts in the economy and...