This paper develops a spacial model of ATM networks to explore the implications for banks and non-banks of interchange fees, foreign fees and surcharges applied to transactions by customers at other than an own-bank ATM. Surcharging raises the price (foreign fee plus surcharge) paid by customers...

This paper explains why large bank customers living in low or moderate income neighborhoods (LMI) pay more in fees for automated teller machine (ATM) use than those in other areas. To determine who pays more in ATM fees, I looked at customer checking account data at several large banks to...

This study examines the impact of ATM transaction charges on the new key cash-less policy of CBN, using the e-channels approach and descriptive analysis. The study found that out of many e-payment channels that are adopted in Nigeria, ATM channel has the highest patronage of card holders than...

Recent technological advancements and the digitization of most financial services have transformed the way by which individuals deal with their financial transactions. It has also affected the focus of financial institutions’ investments, as well as the sectors’ market dynamic, with the...