This report was prepared by Environmental Resources Management (ERM) in the context of the European Commission DG Environment framework contract u0093Financing Capacity for Implementation and Enforcement of Harmonizing Environmental Policy in the NISu0094. The first draft of the report was...

This paper provides background information for the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP) and the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP/MOP) in December 2007 in Bali, Indonesia. Significant action is required at the highest urgency to...

The present brochure reflects the main arguments presented at the conference on ‘The Aarhus Convention: how are its access to justice provisions being implemented?’ which was organised by the European Commission in Brussels on 2 June 2008. The basic aim of the conference was to identify the...

While Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) of both, the United States and the European Union, include labor issues in specific chapters, only US FTAs explicitly have “labor chapters,” while the EU FTAs have a general reference to labor rights through the human rights clause and otherwise refer to...

The persistence of serious natural resource depletion and environmental degradation means that much remains to be done years into the implementation of Philippine Agenda 21 (PA 21). With this background, the paper reviewed the past experiences and discussed the future challenges faced in the...

Die in den Jahren 2009 und 2014 in Kraft getretenen Energieeinsparverordnungen (EnEV), die jeweils erhebliche Verschärfungen der baulichen Anforderungen beinhalteten, hat den Baukosten im Wohnungsneubau einen Schub gegeben. Die Effekte verteilten sich allerdings jeweils auf mehrere Jahre und...

This study aims at assessing the impacts of different approaches to IPPC implementation on competitiveness of companies in two industrial sectors (electric steelmaking and domestic glass production). As the provisions of the IPPC Directive allow a certain flexibility for Member States to set...