it differs from the effect of two other important types of financial investors: banks and non-bank financial firms. We … conclusions. The shareholding by PE and bank has influence on out-performance but only if either the PE investor or the bank hold … between 75 to 100 percent of firm's shares. The direction of the effect is opposite. PE has a positive, while bank has a …

difficult market conditions. For bank-based systems, the question regarding which investors actually supply informed capital has … significant differences between the investors which are linked to banks and those financiers which are not. Although, the bank …

the rest must resort to standard bank finance. We consider a number of policies to promote entrepreneurship and venture …