This paper surveys the empirical literature on the behavior of referees in professional football and other sports … same time, assessing the prevalence and origin of referee bias is germane to various domains of life. Referee bias is …

This research uses football online betting odds of a broad variety of matches and bookmakers to identify known biases … in odds pricing, namely the favorite-longshot bias and the away-favorite bias. Furthermore, it tries to answer the … research, confirming the existence of the favorite-longshot bias, but turn out to be in contrast with regard to the away …

effect of referee bias on the performance of football teams. The impartiality of referees is often distorted by external …Based on the Calciopoli scandal, which uncovered widespread corruption in Italian football, this paper quantifies the … the different effects of these two forms of bias, and help to shed light on several aspects of the corruption scandal …

Press and American Football Coaches' Association rankings for evidence of systematic bias. Specifically, more than 1 … surveys can be influential. Since ranking policies is an often subjective process, there is always the concern of bias, both … intentional and not. Expert bias is difficult to discern in the policy world, but surveys of expert opinion are compiled and …