One decade after the Arab uprisings of 2010/11, the present discussion paper revisits processes of political change in the Middle East and North Africa MENA) with a focus on the question of systemic change. Core questions in this context are: How, among all possible varieties of political...

Introduction 1. - 1. Creating che Macro-Environment for 'Stability and Growth' that Integrates a Globalising 'Warm Peace' 31. - 2. Privatisation and 'Peace' by Partner Allies: Alignment and Oppositional Critiques 81. - 3. Qualified Industrial Zones and Natural Gas: Remapping the Economy for...

1. Why does state reform vary among developing countries? -- 2. Escort states and export restructuring -- 3. What happened in Turkey (1983-2010)? : state reform and export restructuring -- 4. Mission unaccomplished : Egypt (1990-2010) -- 5. Whence cometh state reform? -- 6. Political competition...

Civil society organisations (CSOs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) face mounting challenges, especially in authoritarian states, where they encounter closures, persecution and smear campaigns. Consequently, their crucial work in advancing human rights, good governance and inclusive...