, the probability of working after normal retirement age is positively related to living with a spouse only, being healthy … elderly people. We also show that working beyond the normal retirement age has a much stronger negative association with … earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts that the normal retirement age is strictly …

countries, the probability of working after normal retirement age is positively related to living with a spouse only, being … status and the age distribution among elderly people. We also demonstrate that working beyond the normal retirement age has a … that the normal retirement age is strictly enforced in urban China and seniors attempting to work face intensive …

for France. Exploiting retirement laws for identification purposes, and taking a regression discontinuity approach, we … find that older women's retirement probability is positively associated with an empty nest. We also conclude that an empty … and retirement policies for older mothers during those critical years when adult children leave the parental nest. …