Digital platforms have become an important part of the digital economy by facilitatingtransactions between large numbers of users and by fostering innovation on collaborativeplatforms. It is striking that platform-based services are dominated by a small number ofglobal players. Most of them are...

Having had little time to absorb the economic and social shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Union is confronted with staggering increases in the cost of living. While household burdens vary significantly across and within countries, most European countries are struggling to cushion the...

Digitalisation has become one of the core concepts in European modernisation. Whileinvestment in computer hardware, telecommunications equipment, software and databaseshas increased over the years, the degree of modernity of the overall capital stock has not.This paper examines whether there is...