Since its creation, European Union (hereinafter: ‘the EU’) has experienced various enlargements. In 1973, Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined the EU. Greece became a Member in 1981 and was followed by Spain and Portugal in 1986. Austria, Finland and Sweden accessed the EU in 1995....

This paper deals with the Energy Community established between the countries from SEE and the European Union. It serves as an example of the extension of the energy acquis to the countries from SEE, before the later become full members of the EU. In particular, the paper analyses the rationale...

The European Commission and the Stability Pact have launched the Athens Process in 2002 and the Energy Community Treaty, with the objective of creating a regional energy market in SEE, was signed in 2005. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the national but also reforms at...

Regional electricity markets (REM) are a natural step towards the creation of a single European electricity market. There are seven Electricity Regional Initiatives (ERI) launched by European Regulators Group for Electricity and Gas (ERGEG). This paper brings the focus to the eight REM covering...