This work examines how eco-services are being implemented and how they could best be encouraged. The book provides an inventory and analysis of current eco-services in four countries (Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Spain) and then explores the option open to market participants.

We empirically investigate the responsiveness of international trade to the stringency of environmental regulation. Stringent environmental regulation may impair the export competitiveness of ‘dirty’ domestic industries, and as a result, ‘pollution havens’ emerge in countries where...

In this review we synthetize the existing contributions that use econometric approaches to examine the influence of institutions and governance on environmental policy, environmental outcomes, and investments. The paper describes how the relationship between institutions and various response...