outcomes. In particular, the reform failed to clarify the interplay between EU countries' medium-term fiscal structural plans …

European Union countries are required by the EU Treaty to keep their budget deficits within 3 percent of GDP, and their … case EU countries' investment plans on aggregate do not fill the green public-investment gap, we recommend a new EU …

costs. These net benefits are positive even for small coalitions of advanced countries (G7 or G7 plus EU). The fiscal costs … of financing the coal exit in EMDEs (without China) are modest as a share of G7+EU GDP at about 0.3 percent of GDP per …

percent of EU emissions - by the equivalent of the annual emissions of Slovakia. This requires a near tripling of the current … investing in energy renovation. To address these challenges, the EU has introduced a policy toolkit that includes strengthened … Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD). EU countries must take the EPBD targets seriously and implement policies to …