Survey results in 15 European countries for almost 15,000 firms reveal that Belgian firms react more than the average European firm to adverse shocks by reducing permanent and temporary employment. On the basis of a firm-level analysis, this paper confirms that the different reaction to shocks...

section 1. Ecological and social resilience -- section 2. Ecosystem services and quality of life -- section 3. Valuation of ecosystem -- section 4. Community and natural resources management -- section 5. Policy reforms and sustainable development