Emigration, both politically and economically determined, has always been a phenomenon firmly present in the history as well as in the consciousness of the Poles. Throughout Polish history migration flows were initiated either by political factors (dissidents fleeing political repressions at the...

Migration is a rather new phenomenon in Romania after 1990. The difference between in-flows and out-flows is significantly in favour of out-migrants in terms of volumes and experiences. The explanation is quite straightforward, when one thinks of the economic potential of Romania. The labour...

The report follows the main guidelines of the comparative research outline designed by IOM-Vienna: brief introduction to the problem from the point of view of introducing historical background, the statistical development over the past five years (1997 to 2001), the legal and administrative...