This article reassesses the book Africa and the War on Drugs (2012) and a related special journal issue (2016) in the … unchanged problem with drug markets in Africa, i.e. the lack of data. We end by considering the major difference since 2012: a …

West Africa and its implications on Brazil’s development and drug trafficking value chain. After establishing milestones of … between Latin American criminal actors and high level elites in West Africa. The second part of the article focuses on the …

who inject drugs (PWID) in Africa. Precise estimates are elusive, not least because of stigma and criminalization faced by … incarceration experienced by people who use drugs, a change as yet little realized in Africa. …