This report examines the background to EU rules on the burden of proof, the development of principles laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and their application to the Racial and Employment Equality Directives in proceedings before civil and labour...

Over 10 years ago a major and unprecedented evolution occurred in the European Union with the adoption in 2000 of two pieces of EU legislation in the field of anti-discrimination: the Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC) and the Employment Equality Directive (2000/78/EC). The transposition and...

The Employment Equality Directive (Directive 2000/78) requires all EU Member States to provide for protection against discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in employment and occupation. The present report describes the scope of protection provided by the Directive and its normative...

Over 10 years ago a major and unprecedented evolution occurred in the European Union with the adoption in 2000 of two pieces of EU legislation in the field of anti-discrimination: the Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC) and the Employment Equality Directive (2000/78/EC). The transposition and...

Foreword This study presents a unique collection of material on the situation of migrants and minorities in the European Union in the field of education. Covering the years 2001 to 2003, the study provides a comparative analysis of the state of integration, educational achievements and existing...

Foreword This study comprises a unique collection of material on anti-discrimination legislation and case law in the European Union in 2003. Referring to the year when the EU Council Directive on Racial Equality (along with the Employment Equality Directive) was due to be transposed, this study...

Anti-islamic reactions in the EU after the terrorist acts against the USA observed in Austria.