We stress test the global economy to extreme climate change-related shocks on large and interconnected economies. Our analysis (i) identifies large and interconnected economies vulnerable to climate change-related shocks; (ii) estimates these economies’ external financing needs-at-risk due to...

Governments in Latin America have traditionally faced significant difficulties in issuing debt denominated in local currency in international markets. However, three countries in the region have recently issued this type of debt, perhaps signaling a permanent change in the manner in which Latin...

Domestic bond markets in Latin America have expanded significantly over the past few years. This development should help reduce the region's historical dependence on external financing. Although much progress has been made, vulnerabilities associated with refinancing risk remain and secondary...

Currency collapses, defined as large nominal depreciations or devaluations, are associated with permanent output losses on the order of 6% of GDP on average. In this feature, we argue that the fact that these losses tend to materialise before a drop in the value of the currency indicates that it...

Securitisation can transform ordinarily illiquid or risky assets into more liquid or less risky ones. Despite the recent rapid growth of securitisation, the Latin American market remains in its infancy, as reflected in the size and type of assets involved in transactions. Because of its...

The financial impact of the global crisis on Latin America has in some respects been less severe than in previous crises. This reflects in part the development of domestic bond markets and improved net balance sheet positions of the economies, which for a period have allowed gross capital inflow...

This article summarizes a 2007 conference that explored the nature and implications of major transformations in Latin American financial markets, such as the shift from cross-border to domestic financing and the development of domestic bond markets.

The world has experienced episodes of global financial stress every 2.5 years on average over the past two decades, with repercussions on a global scale. Over the same period, emerging economies have improved their macroeconomic fundamentals while becoming increasingly integrated with the world....