This study investigates the evolution of central bank profits as fiscal revenue (or: seigniorage)before and in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008–9, focusing on a select group ofcentral banks—namely the Bank of England, the United States Federal Reserve System, theBank of...

The scientific reassessment of the economic role of the state after the crisis has renewed interest in Abba Lerner's theory of functional finance (FF). A thorough discussion of this concept is helpful in reconsidering the debate on the nature of money and the origin of the business cycle and...

The scientific reassessment of the economic role of the state after the crisis has brought back Abba Lerner's theory of functional finance (FF). A thorough discussion of this concept is helpful in reconsidering the debate on the nature of money, the origin of the business cycle, and crises. It...

One of the main contributions of Modern Money Theory (MMT) has been to explain why monetarily sovereign governments have a very flexible policy space that is unconstrained by hard financial limits. Not only can they issue their own currency to pay public debt denominated in their own currency,...

This paper offers a positive analysis of the relationships between central banking, macro prudential supervision and insurance, presenting three contributions. Starting from the review of the recent theoretical models, which directly or indirectly take the issue of the central bank involvement...

After the Fed adopted its unconventional monetary policy, countries with strong surpluses faced fewer challenges than did those with more open economies and strong financial linkages with developed economies. In the case of Saudi Arabia, fiscal policy remains dominant due to the structure of the...

Over the past 20 years, considerable progress has been made in the science of monetary policy. This is under threat from a new era of economic populism. There is a clear danger that in the absence of an open and deep debate about the fundamental objectives of the central bank, the political...

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, Scotland had a stable financial system. Its stability arose from the pressure that private banks, which had the right to issue bank notes, placed on each other to behave prudently. Unlike in England, the Scottish banking system had no central...

An EU legal analysis of the European Central Bank's Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP), originally published in March 2020 in EULawLive, updated to include more references to the ECB's pandemic responses (prudential, monetary policy) and the EU's NextGenerationEU Recovery and...

In response to the COVID-19 shock, many central banks in emerging market economies have launched local currency bond purchase programmes to address bond market dislocations, signalling that they were willing to take the role of a buyer of last resort. Local currency bond yields fell...