The paper reviews the status of MENA agriculture trade and policies in relation with the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture and future WTO negotiations. Using country-specific economy-wide models, the paper quantifies the impact of unilateral trade liberalization and reduction in domestic...

This paper utilizes a schematic economic framework in order to evaluate the consistency of population and labor market policies with the mainstay goal of reducing dependence on foreign labor in GCC countries. It reviews recent demographic, labor and budgetary trends and develops a simple...

This paper studies the interaction of political institutions, government policies, and the economic performance in a developing country. The focus is on Turkey's economic history and the 'paradox of Turkish liberalism'. Except during the periods of war and post-war recovery, the fastest...

The paper discusses from an institutionalist perspective the role of the state, with an emphasis on ownership traditions (private and public) in the Turkish case. A historical glimpse of ownership traditions is followed by an account of the rationale for both the etatism and 'regulation by...

Two opposite views can emerge when analyzing the Tunisian development experience. The first is a view of success and achievements, and the second is a view of a country facing a lot of weaknesses and challenges. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the strategic factors regarding the...

This paper studies the impact of the financial and economic liberalization in Tunisia since the mid-1980s on the financial structure and behavior of the corporate sector. We analyze the effect of financing constraints, due to market imperfections as well as credit allocation policies, on the...

The aim of the paper is to investigate possible improvement of public sector efficiency through its competition with a private sector for managerial services. We set up a dynamic adverse selection model with heterogeneity of managerial quality to show that if managerial careers are available...

The choice of the instrument variables to achieve the specified objectives of stabilization and structural adjustment policies is heavily influenced by the stage of development of economic institutions. The specification and characteristics of developing countries make the operation and survey...

International trade in Syria is highly regulated through a combination of tariffs and non-tariff barriers. At 8 percent on average, effective tariffs are relatively low. However, non-tariff barriers to trade actually make Syria’s trade restrictiveness very high. Non-tariff barriers to trade...

The "regionalism trend" has been an important feature of the global economy since the mid-1980s and is becoming increasingly important at the turn of the century. The plans for free-trade areas in the Americas, the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, as well as the intensification of economic...