This paper investigates the influence of international investment agreements (IIAs) on the actions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the social welfare of host countries according to the market structure in the host country. In cases where MNEs are monopolies and duopolies, IIAs promote...

The Information Technology Agreement (ITA), enacted in 1997 as one of a few World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements realized after the Uruguay Round, lifted tariffs on a broad range of IT products such as telecommunication equipment and computers. As part of the General Agreement on Tariffs...

This paper presents an alternative approach to measuring the values of transport time for freight transportation, and examines its applicability through empirical analysis. We develop a model of the freight transportation market, in which carriers incur the cost associated with the effort to...

After the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, government investment in the disaster stricken areas was provided for reconstruction of capital stock damaged, and dynamic analysis is needed to reveal the long-term effects of investment. On the other hand, government investment for reconstruction...

Using survey data of licensing activities of Japanese firms, this paper studies the interaction between patenting and multiple contracting and their effects on license revenues for large and small licensors. We find that small firms are more likely to license their technologies to multiple...

This paper analyzes the role of university research in industrial innovation by different phases of the technology life cycle (TLC) and by patent analysis of solar cell technology. It is found that, in the early phase of TLC, the role of academic research is to broaden the technology scope to...

This paper evaluates the impact of the European Central Bank's (ECB) unconventional policies on bank and government borrowing costs. We employ event-based regressions to assess and compare the effects of asset purchases and exceptional liquidity announcements on the money markets, covered bond...

In this paper, we assess the impact of the securities transaction tax (STT) introduced in France in 2012 on market liquidity and volatility. To identify causality, we rely on the unique design of this tax that is imposed only on large French firms, all of which are listed on Euronext. This...

In operating international investment agreements (IIAs), the old bi-polar framework, where an investor deals with the host state with the support of his home state, has been replaced gradually by a triangle relationship. A home state does not necessarily have a community of interests with...

A "general exception clause" can be found in some International Investment Agreements (IIAs), including those concluded by Japan. However, there is no prevailing definition of the concept. Consequently, this paper first clarifies the concept before examining it from the perspective of the...