This paper analyzes the effects of using product costs derived from an LP-model for managing the salesmen's efforts at a sawmill company. The salesmen are not controlled by sales quota, as is usual, but assessed by the accounting profit they generate. The analysis is realized by a computer...

A matrix growth model suitable for analysis of uneven-aged forest management is developed based on recursive equations represented on matrix form. The equations consist of transition probabilities forming part of application of Markov chain theory, which describe growth between diameter classes,...

The L1 norm has been applied in numerous variations of principal component analysis (PCA). An L1-norm PCA is an attractive alternative to traditional L2-based PCA because it can impart robustness in the presence of outliers and is indicated for models where standard Gaussian assumptions about...

The internal energy u and the entropy S are used to describe the low and high temperature behavior of simple Ising systems. From the different types of degeneracy, bond occupation as realized by the linear chain is applied to open nets with weighting factors, which are used to optimize the...

Emission reduction strategies for air pollutants such as SOSUB align=rightSMALL2/SMALL/SUB and OSUB align=rightSMALLx/SMALL/SUB as well as for greenhouse gases (GHGs) usually do not consider the interdependencies between emission reduction measures. Taking into account the relevant energy,...

Since the Housing Act 1988, UK housing associations (HAs) have been responsible, with the removal of government grants, for funding all maintenance necessary for the upkeep of new stock over its lifespan. Sinking funds (SFs) have to be created, out of rental income, that are adequate to finance...

Parallel machine scheduling problems concern the scheduling of "n" jobs on "m" machines to minimize some function of the job completion time. If preemption is not allowed, then most problems are not only NP-hard, but also very hard from a practical point of view. In this paper, we show that...