Experiences in real-world pollution markets suggest that firms make persistent errors in forecasting allowance and credit prices that inform their investment decisions. The residual uncertainty characterizing allowance and credit trading means that pollution markets may fail to deliver...

How to significantly decrease carbon dioxide emissions has become one of the largest challenges faced by modern society. The standard recipe prescribed by most economists is to put a price on carbon, either through a tax or through emissions trading. Such measures can reduce emissions...

The state of carbon pricing in Africa is bleak as only South Africa has a carbon tax implemented while Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire have their emissions trading scheme (ETS) or carbon tax under consideration. Africa’s success in mitigating climate change with market-based mechanisms will be...

As reporting GHG emissions becomes mandatory in the financial sector, the methods by which emissions are calculated will grow in importance for their impact on the resulting metric. Progress is underway in both the public and private financial sectors to embed emissions accounting standards, but...

This brief focuses on the role carbon pricing can play in the COVID-19 recovery and in reaching national and international climate goals, such as those in the Paris Agreement. It outlines the carbon pricing policy changes (Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS), fossil fuel support (FFS), carbon, fuel...

This article reviews the recent literature on ex-post evaluation of the impacts of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) on the industrial and power sectors. We summarize the findings from original research papers pertaining to three broadly defined outcome categories, namely CO2...

The Clean Air Act provides the primary regulatory framework for climate policy in the United States. Tradable performance standards (averaging) emerge as the likely tool to achieve flexibility in the regulation of existing stationary sources. This paper examines the relationship between...

Global cities emit a large percentage of all global carbon related to climate change with buildings contributing one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. Because of this carbon emissions concentration, focusing on cities to reduce global carbon emissions provides a logical policy mechanism...

This paper provides a review of the literature on competitiveness and leakage concerns associated with differentiated climate abatement commitments among countries. The literature reviewed is not exhausted, but it is sufficient to provide a balanced view of both academics and policy circles....

Global warming which is caused by Greenhouse effect due to carbonization - emission of carbon gas - has contributed to climate change that produces extreme weather. These pollutions have damaged the earth and threatening human lives. Thus, to keep the earth a safe place for people to live in...