Russia's tremendous inter-regional variation in the pace of industrial land rights reform has meant that geography has … exploiting both this difference in the pace with which land reform has been carried out across Russia's federal subjects and a … serving as an important source of collateral for Russian lenders and borrowers. …

collateral. …

: industrial land, property rights, Russia, collateral …Russia's tremendous inter-regional variation in the pace of industrial land rights reform has meant that geography has … exploiting both this difference in the pace with which land reform has been carried out across Russia's federal subjects and a …

may not be used as collateral. We exploit the uniform and equal distribution of land between the Agua Caliente tribe and … indicate that the inability to use American Indian land as collateral does not drive the low levels of observed business …

We trace the rise of the so called oligarchs in post-Soviet Russia and examine their relationship to income … distribution in Russia. When Russia moved to a market economy in the 1990s a new business elite evolved. Russia’s distinctive path …

We trace the rise of the so called oligarchs in post-Soviet Russia and examine their relationship to income … distribution in Russia. When Russia moved to a market economy in the 1990s a new business elite evolved. Russia's distinctive path …

We trace the rise of the so called oligarchs in post-Soviet Russia and examine their relationship to income … distribution in Russia. When Russia moved to a market economy in the 1990s a new business elite evolved. Russia's distinctive path …

, formerly state-owned urban industrial firms in Russia, we explore how land tenure reforms affect the pace at which this legacy …