Tail risk refers to the possibility that a rare event would adversely affect the value of a portfolio in a significant manner. It became much more relevant due to recent periods of strong market turbulence.We describe how to quantify such risk, which tail risk protection strategies were...

We examine the role of liquidity risk, both as a stock characteristic as well as systematic liquidity risk, in UK mutual fund performance for the first time. We find that on average UK mutual funds are tilted towards liquid stocks (except for small stock funds as might be expected) but that,...

We highlight important and specific characteristics of default risk and methodological implications. In a simulation contrasting independent, Gaussian and Clayton copulas, we also show that joint default probabilities might be a hidden source of risk in conventional portfolio models of default

In this article, the authors present a conceptual framework named 'Adaptive Seriational Risk Parity' (ASRP) to extend Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP) as an asset allocation heuristic. The first step of HRP (quasi-diagonalization) determining the hierarchy of assets is required for the actual...

An endowment fund serves as a permanent source of capital to support a specific mission. It has, in the case of a university, dual goals of providing current financial support to the university and preserving long-term purchasing power to ensure that support continues in perpetuity. This article...

In this paper, the authors construct a pipeline to benchmark Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP) relative to Equal Risk Contribution (ERC) as examples of diversification strategies allocating to liquid multi-asset futures markets with dynamic leverage ("volatility target"). The authors use...

Although the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) has gained increasing attention among investors, the extent to which ESG is compensated systematically in the market remains to be investigated. On the outperformance of responsible investing (RI) which incorporates ESG into investment...

Inter-temporal risk parity is a strategy that rebalances risky assets and cash in order to target a constant level of ex-ante risk over time. When applied to equities and compared to a buy-and-hold portfolio it is known to improve the Sharpe ratio and reduce drawdowns. We apply inter-temporal...

This paper is aimed at presenting application of bootstrap interval estimation methods to the assessment of financial investment’s effectiveness and risk. At first, we give an overview of various methods of bootstrap confidence interval estimation, i.e. bootstrap-t interval, percentile...

How many stocks are required to reduce unsystematic risk significantly is an important question for investors. While there is a large body of research on the subject in the United States, there is little formal work on this question in India. We show that a 15-20 stock portfolio, the traditional...