This paper shows that the gender world record ratio in four disciplines, i.e. marathon, triple jump, pole vault and 800 meters, follows a S-shape over time. It is argued that this pattern is initiated by a sudden drop in the social barrier for women to participate in these disciplines. This drop...

Noting that a full characterization of Nash-implementation is given using a canonical-mechanism and Maskin''s theorem (Maskin, 1999) is shown using a mechanism with Saijo''s type of strategy space reduction (Saijo, 1988), this paper fully characterizes the class of Nash-implementable social...

A common phenomenon in entrepreneurship is that employees turn away from employmentto found their own businesses. Prior literature discusses the former employers’characteristics that influence the creation of entrepreneurial ventures. An investigation ofwhether these characteristics also...

Using data on individuals of age 50 and older from 11 European countries, we analyze two economic aspects of subjective well-being of older Europeans: satisfaction with household income, and job satisfaction. Both have been shown to contribute substantially to overall well-being (satisfaction...

Several studies document the fact that low-educated workers participate less often infurther training than high-educated workers. The economic literature suggests that there is no significant difference in employer willingness to train low-educated workers, which leaves the question of why the...

We explore network effects on generosity for different network dimensions. To this end weelicit multiple network dimensions (friendship, social support, economic exchange, etc.) in arural village in the Southern hemisphere and measure generosity with a sequence of dictatorgames conducted in the...

Democratic decision-making is often defended on grounds of the ''wisdom of crowds'': decisions are more likely to be correct if they are based on many independent opinions, so a typical argument in social epistemology. But what does it mean to have independent opinions? Opinions can be...

The contemporary theory of epistemic democracy often draws on the Condorcet Jury Theorem to formally justify the `wisdom of crowds''. But this theorem is inapplicable in its current form, since one of its premises---voter independence---is notoriously violated. This premise carries...

We consider voting rules on a multidimensional policy space for a continuum of voters with elliptic preferences. Assuming continuity, y-strategy-proofness - meaning that coalitions of size smaller or equal to a small number y cannot manipulate - and unanimity, we show that such rules are...

Following prospect theory we consider decision making under risk in which the decision maker''s preferences depend on a reference outcome. An outcome below this reference outcome is regarded as resulting from a loss: a loss decreases the decision maker''s basic utility more than a comparable...