Trade policy barriers are only one element of overall trade costs. Among these, and due to the decrease in the influence of tariff barriers on trade over time, institutional barriers might increase in relative importance and become a key obstacle to the movements of goods across countries. This...

In the context of the WTO, intellectual property rights (IPR) are codified in the TRIPS-agreement. While covering all the different types of IPR, landmark cases of the still young history of TRIPS have dealt with commercial copyrights. This paper summarizes the basic economics of the IPR branch...

In this paper, we revisit the empirical evidence on the relationship between trade openness and long-run economic growth over the sample period 1960-2000. In contrast to previous studies focusing mainly on the period 1970-1990, this paper reassesses the openness-growth nexus over a much longer...

Erneuerbare Energien haben als Energieträger insbesondere in den vergangenen 10 Jahren erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dafür sind vor allem zwei Faktoren verantwortlich: Zum einen das Streben nach Energiesicherheit und die Verpflichtungen zum Umwelt- bzw. Klimaschutz. Zum anderen die...

Technische Innovationen können einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz leisten. Eine Auswahl von 21 Praxis-Beispielen für ressourceneffiziente Technologien, Produkte und Strategien zeigt die Broschüre Ressourceneffizienzatlas, die im Rahmen des gleichnamigen...

For the climate conference in Copenhagen, December 7 to 18, after broad expert discussions, the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy submits a proposal for an effective and equitable climate change agreement.

Technical innovations can contribute significantly to increase resource efficiency. A selection of 21 examples for resource efficient technologies, products and strategies from the field shows the brochure Resource Efficiency Atlas, which was created in line with the same titled project. Overall...

We identify the connections between financial institutions from different sectors of the financial industry based on joint extreme movements in credit default swap (CDS) spreads. First, we estimate pairwise co-crash probabilities (CCP) to identify significant connections among 193 international...