This paper presents a theoretical network programming formulation of the extended gateway concept in port hinterland … configuration of a hypothetical port hinterland network over which typical container distribution operations are performed, a …

results in some realistic instances, we study optimal network designs while comparing sea port-to-door and sea port to inland … port services and situations where transit time requirements do and do not apply. Our results show that when demand is … relatively low, there are significant differences in the optimal network design for port-to-door versus port-to-port services. In …