The United States provides a classic example of a bottom-up system of federalism. It was created in 1787 when representatives of the then 13 colonies convened to ratify a constitution under which both the central government and the states would be sovereign entities. Within certain...

State and local government spending has grown at a remarkable pace in the years since World War II. Many states have attempted to arrest this growth by adopting tax or expenditure limitations (TELs). These are formal rules – either codified in statutes or in state constitutions – that limit...

Im Auftrag des Bayerischen Wirtschaftsministeriums untersucht die Studie die Auswirkungen einer verbindlichen Schuldenregel ab dem Jahr 2020 auf den aktuellen Haushalt des Freistaates Bayern. Durch den Einnahmeausfall infolge der Wirtschaftskrise und die gleichzeitig gestiegenen Landesausgaben...